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The Neuronal Death Protein Par-4 Mediates Dopaminergic Synaptic Plasticity
Table 1.
Examples of “Apoptotic” Proteins Located in Synapses and Neurites
| Protein | Actions | References |
|---|---|---|
| aIL-1β, Interleukin-1β. | ||
| bTNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor–α | ||
| Caspase-3 | Cleaves substrates involved in synaptic plasticity and cell death | (19, 25) |
| Caspase-1 | Cleaves IL-1βa precursor | (19) |
| Bcl-2 | Stabilizes mitochondrial membranes; modulates calcium signaling | (24) |
| Bcl-xL | Stabilizes mitochondrial membranes; modulates calcium signaling | (23) |
| Par-4 | Modulates atypical PKC, NF-κB, D2DR | (7, 8, 11) |
| p53 | Increases mitochondrial membrane permeability | (27) |
| Cytochrome c | Activates the apoptosome; stimulates ER calcium release | (28, 29) |
| TNF-αb | Modulates synaptic plasticity | (30) |
| Fas | Modulates neurite branching and synaptogenesis | (31) |
| Ceramide | Modulates synaptic vesicle trafficking and exocytosis | (32) |
