Microvesicles: Intercellular Vectors of Biological Messages
Table 1
Different Mechanisms by which Microparticles and Exosomes Interact with Target Cells
| Microparticles | Interaction | Molecular Pathway | Cellular Effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ligand-Receptor | Sonic hedgehog pathway | Megakaryocytic differentiation, improve endothelial function, promote angiogenesis, reparative neovascularization | (14–17) | |
| Fas/Fas Ligand | Hyporeactivity | (18) | ||
| Transfer | CXCR4 Receptor | Spreading HIV infection | (20) | |
| lipoxygenase 12 | Production of lipoxin A4 by mast cells | (22) | ||
| Fusion | Tissue factor-rich MPs with activated platelets exposing P-selectin | Tissue factor-mediated procoagulant activity | (23) | |
| Internalization | Interaction with α4 and β1 integrins | Activate angiogenesis | (24) | |
| Interaction with LDL Receptor | Decrease tumor development | (25) | ||
| Exosomes | Interaction | Molecular Pathway | Cellular Effects | References |
| Ligand-Receptor | MFG-E8/integrins | Target dendritic cells and macrophages | (26) | |
| Transfer | Delta-like 4 protein | Pro-angiogenic effects in endothelial cells | (27) | |
| Fusion | Mechanisms involving PSGL-1 | Initiate coagulation | (28) | |
| Internalization | Actin and PI3K mechanisms | Phagocytosis | (29) | |
| Endocytosis by dendritic cells | (30) | |||
| Interaction with α4 and β1 integrins | Activate angiogenesis | (24) | ||
